Abstract  physics papers

Abstract This paper refers to adhere to Newton's view of time and space exploration if the relativity principle and Galileo so, whether they can continue the development of Newton's mechanics; Therefore trying to establish a "Newtonian dynamics," and "generalized Newtonian gravitational" and "Newton's mechanics reunification"; Through practical calculation confirmed, we can use "generalized Newtonian gravitational school" prophesy "Mercury recently Point precession" effect.

    Keywords  Newton,，dynamics,，generalized，Newtonian，gravitational，science,，Newton's，reunification，mechanics,，Mercury，recently，Po

[Introduction] mechanical Einstein's special theory of relativity is wrong, and concentrate surface quality for now The kinetic energy of free particles formula In this formula is that the photon energy is infinite, and this is not possible, then Einstein said that the quality of photon zero, but the experiments have proved the quality will not photon zero Therefore, the establishment of the special theory of relativity Einstein mechanics is wrong. The first is the speed of light invariance principle wrong, then ancillary from劳仑兹transform support of the specious Einstein's relativity principle will dominate the theory of relativity, which established the special theory of relativity view of time and space are amazing and far-reaching impact, in a word is confusing time, euphemistically called : "Time and Space reunification" is not always a logical contradiction to discuss the space-time unity. Special relativity is a difficult for the people to see through the pseudo-science, general relativity because of the special theory of relativity succession of view of time and space to become pseudo-science. However, to make people believe that and profound understanding that they are pseudo-science is not an easy task. If we can continue to develop to Newton's view of time and space Newtonian mechanics, Newton's mechanics more than relativistic, then the pseudo-scientific nature of the theory of relativity also a self-evident. This paper is exploratory adhere to Newton's view of time and space to Galileo based on the principle of relativity, the continued development of Newton's mechanics, establishment of a "Newton's dynamics," and "generalized Newtonian gravitational school," and "Newton's mechanics reunification" to try to promote the further development of Newton's mechanics.

1. The smallest role of theory and relativity principle Galileo

The movement of the mechanical system of the most general form can be the smallest role of the so-called principle to give, in accordance with this principle, every mechanical system, there is a volume called the integral role Existence of this integral is the minimum for actual movement, which called L system Lagrangian function, which rely on coordinates Speed , And time t. Therefore, every mechanical system, can be expressed as the following forms: .

Not satisfied with the principle of relativity mechanical system is not acceptable, correct any mechanical system must meet the relativity principle. The so-called Galileo relativity principle refers to the Galileo transform under any law of inertia system in the form of all the mechanics are the same. The assumption that there are two inertial system And , Compared to Speed A uniform linear motion, And The system is , The Lagrangian function for Galileo transform: , , , And thus . If Galileo transform, And Apart from the difference between the function of a space-time coordinates of the entire derivative, the rest of the structure is exactly the same form, that is,

Then we say, the mechanical system Galileo met relativity principle.

2. Newton electrodynamics

Newton, the so-called kinetic system means: . In other words, Newton, dynamics systems, the description of particle movement for the Lagrangian function

Which ; Magnetic vector potential - called, - Called scalar potential, and they are a function of time and space coordinates. Integral to the role of

Proceeding from this principle of using the smallest role Built on the mechanical dynamics, called Newton.

Let us now to prove that Newton's dynamics system, Galileo meet relativity principle. Assumptions And The two inertial systems, Compared to Speed A uniform linear motion for Galileo transform: , , , And thus . Now only prove that Galileo transform, in Inertial System The Lagrangian function In inertial system The Lagrangian function Have the same formal structure, but also

In fact, we have

Order

And

There

This shows that And Apart from the difference between the function of a space-time coordinates of the entire derivative, the rest of the structure is exactly the same form. It can be seen from And The description of the mechanical system of two mechanical law of the form of all the same. Therefore, Newton, Galileo kinetic system to meet relativity principle.

In Newton electrodynamics, particle movement for the generalized impulse

Generalized edge

Therefore, the decision of the movement of particles as Lagrange Equation

The written in the following forms:

Order

Then Is antisymmetric, that is , So , . Order

, , ;

, , .

There

This is the electromagnetic field that formula. This may push

This is the first of Maxwell's equations. The decision Lagrangian particle movement of the equation may Table

The energy of particle movement

3. Xue generalized Newtonian gravitational

The so-called generalized Newtonian gravitational school system means: . That is to say, in the generalized Newtonian gravitational school system, describing the characteristics of particle movement Lagrangian function

Which Tensor-called gravitational potential, Vector-called gravitational potential, Scalar-called gravitational potential, and they are a function of time and space coordinates; ; ; , , ; , , . Integral to the role of

Proceeding from this principle of using the smallest role Built on the mechanical called generalized Newtonian gravitational school. Let us now to prove that generalized Newtonian gravitational school system meet the Galileo relativity principle. Assumptions And The two inertial systems, Compared to Speed A uniform linear motion for Galileo transform: , , , And thus . Now only prove that Galileo transform, in Inertial System The Lagrangian function In inertial system The Lagrangian function Have the same formal structure, but also

In fact, we have

Order

There

This shows that And Apart from the difference between the function of a space-time coordinates of the entire derivative, the rest of the structure is exactly the same form. It can be seen from And The description of the mechanical system of two mechanical law of the form of all the same. Therefore, the generalized Newtonian gravitational school system meet the Galileo relativity principle.

In generalized Newtonian gravitational school system, particle movement for the generalized impulse

( )

Generalized edge

( )

Therefore, the decision of the movement of particles as Lagrange Equation

To Writing

Order

;

Then

That is,

( )

The energy of particle movement

We can learn Newtonian gravitational Generalized System The Lagrangian function The first two combined, 10% said the following forms:
, It can be generalized Newtonian gravitational school system that into the following forms:
. At this time, the movement of particles decision Lagrange equation remains
, .

4. Particle symmetric gravitational field in the center of the campaign

Now consider such a particle in the field of sports, this field of the magnetic vector potential , The scalar-electric potential , Vector-type gravitational potential , The scalar type gravitational potential Have zero, only tensor-type gravitational potential Not zero, this field is called a simple tensor-type gravitational field. Quality The particles in this purely gravitational field tensor-type movement in the mechanical system are: . At this time, describes the characteristics of particle movement Lagrangian function

Which Coordinates is a function of time and space; ; ; , , ; ,
, . Integral to the role of

Particle Movement for the generalized impulse

( )

Generalized edge

( )

Therefore, the decision of the movement of particles as Lagrange Equation

To Writing

Order

There

The energy of particle movement

Tensor Still called the tensor-type gravitational potential, should be the natural equation

To determine. Which The material is the gravitational energy tensor: Here Density is mass distribution.

Now consider particles in the center symmetric gravitational field of sports. If describe particle symmetric gravitational field in the center of the movement in the Lagrangian function in the spherical coordinate with the following forms:

That is,

Which . In order to get movement equation, the need to calculate particle movement generalized impulse and generalized force, calculated as follows: generalized impulse:
, , ; Generalized force:
, , . The resultant equation of motion:

Because the particle movement is planar curve track, may wish to assume that particles in planar The campaign was in the equation of motion as follows:

So there angular momentum ranking:

(Constant)

There is also the energy integral:

Formation

Assumptions , The income-generation, a

So

So

Order

There

So

That is,

On both sides Derivative, in the

If , Then the particles for circular motion. This set , In the equation:

Order

There

Into

Because Very small, but The average is Therefore, Also very small, can be omitted, it was

This equation broken:

So

This is the use of generalized Newtonian gravitational orbit of the approximate equations obtained.

Conclusion: If the particle description symmetric gravitational field in the center of the movement in the Lagrangian function in a spherical coordinate in the following forms:

Then use generalized Newtonian gravitational orbit of the approximate equations obtained is:

.

A similar calculation know: If describe particle symmetric gravitational field in the center of the movement in the Lagrangian function in the spherical coordinate with the following forms:

Then use generalized Newtonian gravitational orbit of the approximate equations obtained is:

.

This results and Einstein's general relativity mechanics findings consistent. Clearly, if the Mercury recently point do precession effect of the case, the use of Newton's gravitational can be generalized predictions "Mercury recently Point precession effect", how can there be Einstein's general relativity?

Note 1. Two tiny difference Lagrangian function, merely reflects the gravitational field and repulsion field has different.

Note 2. In Newton's mechanics in the gravitational potential is the use of scalar type gravitational potential , In Newton's gravitational generalized use of the gravitational potential is tensor-type gravitational potential , The only difference between them is the mechanical effect of somewhat different, not as "space deformation occurred." Our view of time and space is still Newton's view of time and space.

5. Pseudo-mechanics

Inspection of Newton's gravitational Generalized System The Lagrangian function , It's the first two combined, 10% said the following forms:
. If the , ( ); ,
, , ; , , , . The Lagrangian function can be
Table for , , ; While Newton's gravitational school system can be generalized for the table , . What needs to be stressed is: Galileo transform, the differential yuan Not variables, but Lagrangian function Not invariant, Nor is invariant. It was only because of the transformation under Galileo, So generalized Newtonian gravitational school system meet the Galileo relativity principle. It is correct mechanical system.

If the , And mistakenly As is variable, we can easily establish a pseudo-mechanical system: . This is the author who has established a "second relativistic" pseudo-mechanical system. If the , And the As invariant. Another can build a pseudo-mechanical system: . This is Einstein's "general relativity" pseudo-mechanical system.

These two systems are specious pseudo-mechanical things, very charming, it's every definition of law formula, the conclusion can be reached confound truth stage, in order to experiment with it to determine right or wrong are equally difficult. If we are convinced these pseudo-mechanical system, which will impede the further development of the science.

6. Newtonian mechanics reunification

In order to study Newton's mechanics applied to electromagnetic fields and the presence of gravitational field at the same time the movement of particles, the author trying to establish a "unified Newtonian mechanics." The so-called "Newtonian mechanics reunification" refers to the mechanical system:

.

That is to say, in the Newtonian mechanics reunification, describing the characteristics of particle movement for the Lagrange function

Which Coordinates are a function of time and space; ; ; , , ; , , . Integral to the role of

Proceeding from this principle of using the smallest role Built on the mechanical reunification called Newton mechanics.

Newtonian mechanics in uniform, particle movement for the generalized impulse

( )

Generalized edge

( )

Therefore, the decision of the movement of particles as Lagrange Equation

To Writing

Order

There

The energy of particle movement

Because Newton, and Newton's dynamics generalized system of systems to meet gravitational relativity principle Galileo, Newton's mechanics uniform system it is obvious that meet Galileo relativity principle, not repeat them. So now we ,
( ) ( ); , ,
, ; , , , .
The Lagrangian function can be Table for , , ;
Newton's mechanics and the system can be unified for the table , .

I have little talent and less learning, the publication is purely exploratory, may not be correct, for reference purposes only, if it is absurd locations experts have criticized the correction.
( ); , , , ; , , , . The Lagrangian function can be Table for , , ; Newton's mechanics and the system can be unified for the table , .

I have little talent and less learning, the publication is purely exploratory, may not be correct, for reference purposes only, if it is absurd locations experts have criticized the correction.