Abstract  gravitational has二象性, like gravity is not only the material, as is the formation of inertia; Material is the gravitational force of large numbers, the formation of inertia of the stars to the gravitational acceleration from the Rotary Movement; Gravitational二象性the origin of the universe, space-time magnetic market.

    Keywords  large，numbers，of,，precession，inertia,，interplanetary，magnetic，Pitch

1. INTRODUCTION

He explained the law of the stars of this sport, the whereabouts of objects and phenomena such as tides. Later Leiweilie and Lowy ears According引力定律calculation has successfully predicted the existence of Neptune and Pluto. Today, in the space launch and control aircraft, with the Law of Universal Gravitation is still a valid theory.

However, the gravitational What is the reason, not Newton was placed high for any answer. The meaning was placed high, as he himself stated: "we have to explain the gravity of the various celestial bodies and marine phenomenon, but it did not pin the reasons for such a force. ... Speaking of gravity is a fundamental and material inherent attributes, please Do not count as such a view my opinion. Because gravity What is the reason, I can not不懂装懂, also needed more time to consider it. "[1]

For centuries, in addition to outside Atomism in physics did not mention was placed high on a topic like the gravitational as the reasons for the more rewarding and thought-provoking.

Until 1916, Einstein was placed high to the general theory of relativity, gravity equivalent to that inertia force, gravitational and electromagnetic force also similar. [2]

It is now almost universally acknowledged by Einstein's theory, and is committed to the detection of gravitational waves. However, Einstein's gravitational field equation is:

R μν-1 / 2 q μν R =- KT μν

Newton's gravitational constant gravitational coefficient K and G are as follows:

K = 8 π GC-2

Visibility K is an absolute natural constants. While modern experimental facts show that: G value only within a certain period of time (far less than stellar evolution cycle) have limited constant; In astronomical scale, the G and material related to the distribution of space; In the laboratory scale, G sensitive to changes in the role of distance [3]. So Einstein gravity on the issue in resolving the efforts have not been a decisive success.

Below mention was placed high on the new hypothesis to gravity and the equivalence of inertial force, but that was placed high on the local circumstances and the gravity of the unified field; Interplanetary magnetic field and that is the gravitational二象性the root; So as to explore the attributes of gravitational open up a new path.

2. Gravity and the equivalence of inertial

Gravitational inertial mass is equal to the quality of Eritrea缶accurate verification of a law of this question was placed high Einstein's gravitational and inertial far from the equivalent of the local establishment. Therefore, how to choose the appropriate analytical frame of reference and a means of gravity on the issue. Analysis of the universe background for the stars of gravity provides the ideal frame of reference.

1. The precession stars

In the known universe, there is a whole order of the stars ran Series: they were "metagalaxy" super-clusters of galaxies, clusters of galaxies, like the Milky Way galaxy, the solar system type galaxies, stars, planets and satellites. In the more people understand the Milky Way, stars such as the moon is obviously there are movements in figure 1 shows way of. This approach can be described as the movement: the moon relative to the Earth's elliptical orbit done Movement, the moon relative to the sun to make a spiral movement, the moon relative to the Galaxy center to be a spiral movement each other a moment there the spiraling advance. Astronomical observations obtained from the moon relative to the rate of the various centers around the track radius R and V the following table:

Speed V and orbital radius R is clearly reflects the 1929 Hubble found that the kind of rough proportional relationship.

Now to ask, like the Earth, the Sun, Galaxy center, the core of the galaxy cluster these stars ... and also whether satellite system in space, like the moon, as do the multi-polar surround movement? In order to answer this question, we must look at the cosmic background radiation situation.

In 1965, American Bell Labs discovered the existence 2.7 K cosmic background microwave radiation. In 1978, NASA's use of V-2 aircraft to carry out a more sophisticated high-altitude observation. From their flight by 10 times the data show that: First, cosmic background radiation is anisotropic, the cosine law changes on the margin; Secondly, the existence of cosmic background radiation with a high degree of local disturbance.

It is well known that the background radiation previous observation is isotropic. In order to reconcile the contradictions are new was placed high, and they had to stars rotating satellite system is being considered on the basis of super-clusters of galaxies and the entire universe is the rotation (rotation rate of 10-9 seconds / century or so) [4].

Since the satellite system and the stars are taken rotating movement, then the rotation is orderly or disorderly? According to the galaxy of known facts can be considered, like the moon around the Galaxy Center, the kind of movement is of universal significance way. On a star, relative to the separation of the various intermittent performance of the rotating center of the disturbance was placed high partial, relative to the rotating center infinite sequence was placed high performance continuous changes of cosine. In addition, non-isotropic reveals the Hubble's law is not strictly valid. According to the more precise secondary surround movement data show that the rotational speed stars V and the square of the distance from the rotational center of R has better proportional relationship:

Therefore access to the following concepts:

① to cosmic background for reference, the campaign is space stars spiral; Do stars in a spiral movement of each moment has another screw propulsion ( "precession").

② stellar rotation rate of a certain level of the square and from the corresponding rotation is proportional to the distance between centers.

2. Precession inertia

For a space rotating frame of reference, sports stars will be a series of inertial force, which is: do change the frame of reference from the angle velocity rotational inertia force; Sports stars not by the origin of the coordinates of inertia centrifugal force; Objects rotating frame of reference relative movement by the Coriolis force; And so on. We can imagine, as if the moon in the stars of a certain moment at the same time using the most direct (short-range) routes relative to the rotation of each center and the core of its link, then on the surface throughout the entire intersection will spherical (figure 2 below). The moon relative to the rotational center of this series the "precession" campaign, then relative to the reference center infinite series will be a compact surround the spherical inertial force effect. Because any moment the points on the surface of the rotating center for the corresponding rotational velocity V and the square of the distance from the center of R rotation is proportional relationship with the acceleration of the dimensionless coefficient, which makes all objects have the same acceleration tends to the center of the moon (Falling Objects).

Clearly, such a result of the stars in space do to speed up the movement of precession the inertial force field is that people are familiar with the gravity field, the ratio coefficient g is the gravitational field strength.

3. Experimental verification

Einstein thought experiment on the lift well resolved the gravity and inertia of the local volunteers. In order to verify the stars of the gravitational field of space to speed up the spherical inertial force equivalent of the entire market, we can carry out the following "simulated cosmic experiment." This experimental device is primarily a center can be rotating around a number of transparent containers (As shown in figure 3). This container can be driven rotary precision design Motor Q, three-phase power supply through the rotation Hollow Shaft site by the three slip ring contacts, and to transmit power to a level terminal. All containers adjustment relative rotational velocity V Center and the square of the distance from the rotational center the same as the ratio of R; In the transparent container stuffed into a suitable number of objects small particles; When the device after the operation was observed by optical projection. More attention from the inertial force to speed up the formation of condensate formed with the usual gravitational contraction of the pool relations between the equivalent. This first experiment in the nature of the driving force is not the impetus, followed in the series is very limited, we must pass reasonable abstract thinking, like understanding Galileo "slant experiment" did more to accelerate understanding of this experiment, which confirmed the cosmic background frame of reference stars in the space to do accelerated precession inertial force in line with all the gravity market with the equivalent of.

4. Summary

In 1921, Albert Einstein once said: "If I put everything in the role of the Earth's relatively static objects centrifugal force is envisaged as a kind of gravitational market, ... I would not be seen as the Earth's rotation is not? If this view can be workable, then we will not truly proven primer the identity and inertial force. "[8]

"As the Earth's rotation is not," then "as a real gravitational market"; As if the Earth's rotation is in, there are "role in all of the Earth's relatively static objects centrifugal force." Einstein's vision of the site, we have seen it in the space of the prototype.

Although the astrophysics also can not say super galaxy of stars and above the regimental set of rotating details, but the thinking ability of human existence does not grasp the fact that the difficulties: the Earth is the same as the moon in the space in a multi-polar surround campaigns, all of this Earth to accelerate the movement precession centrifugal force will be times and the entire spherical surface. Such inertia is the centrifugal force would break up the separate, when the "precession" series tends to infinity, the inertial force of the market will become more spherical consecutive 7-9 edge, which is the so-called "Earth's gravitational market."

3. Gravitational Force and the unified electricity market

Established stars of the space to accelerate the precession and, with a background of the universe, gravity equivalent to precession on the inertial force. Then Newtonian physics in the brilliant achievements made by the help of the Law of Universal Gravitation material produced by the gravitational effect, then what is it? The original local circumstances and the gravity is consistent Coulomb static electricity.

1. Large numbers of

1798 cards Cavendish used as early as 1785 by the Coulomb for electrical measurement equipment for measuring G torsion balance experiment, two of the shot put is the gravitational.

It can be imagined, let cards Cavendish shot two choices are reduced to the quality of individual molecules (atoms) values (this does not change the nature of lead), then the card Cavendish determination of these two "small Shot" of the interaction between what is? This is obviously familiar elements (atoms) force. With these and molecules (atoms), and other quality of a considerable number of "small Shot" component big shot, the card Cavendish experiment of interaction, then what is it? Equally clearly, the big shot or the inevitable interaction of this molecule (atom), and in only here a difference in the amount, not qualitatively different! Visibility card Cavendish is the time of large numbers of molecules (formerly

A), the interaction of → that "large numbers of." Because molecules (atoms) is a major force elements (formerly

A) charged particles between static electricity, so that in laboratory conditions, with the gravity of the Coulomb electric market yes. The complete reunification.

So, from the torsion balance to the consistency of expression is not historical coincidence, cards Cavendish and the determination of Coulomb interaction is the same origin of the different intensity reflected.

2. Theoretical analysis

Xinhua neutral molecules (atoms) interaction and the role of distance R f is nonlinear Figure 4 shows the relationship, when molecules (atoms) greater than the spacing distance R0, balance, mainly gravity; The gravitational effect increases with distance decreases, but never to zero zero! A small number of molecules (atoms) the mutual gravitational often been ignored or, large numbers molecules (atoms) in the case of large spacing and so far no one mutual gravitational built. This paper needs to be emphasized is that it is these large numbers molecules (atoms) in the case of large spacing reflects the mutual gravitational card Cavendish test the physical facts. Have reason to believe that, if indeed Newton's gravitational "force large numbers", then the gravitational coefficients G is not constant.

3. Experimental verification

Newton's gravitational be confirmed in the laboratory scale with the Coulomb static electricity - Determination of gravity should coefficient of G and material composition of the relationship. Because different material elements (atoms) of the interaction between different, and this difference mainly from molecules (atoms) their own power structure. Located GA, GB were the same as the quality of the material composition of the two different gravitational source MA and MB on the same object by the force of gravity coefficient m, include:

Σ F = GAMAmR-2-GBMBmR-2 = Δ GMmR-2 (MA = MB = M)

When △ G ≠ 0:00, while the net balance will gravitational Σ F, the torsion balance and the balance bridge deviation.

Atomic structure of the same quality but different gravitational source can choose typical metal and non-metal, mercury and lead, "isotope" or "neutron differences with the Dutch-," and so on. We take at least a few neutron atomic composition of the tin-tin MA, the largest neutron few tin-tin atoms MB and allow MA = MB, is expected to be larger Δ G.

① scale experiment

Create a high sensitivity of the long arm balance (Figure 5 shows). Hang up and the MA and MB counterpart

Isotope caused by the small tin-mA and mB, let mA = mB. After the establishment of the equilibrium point at the same time the gravitational source MA, MB moved to mA, mB right under the observed deviation from the original balance.

② torsion balance experiment

Set up a high sensitivity of the torsion balance (Figure 6 shows). Through a linear light source, reflecting small-b,

C double-slit interferometer establish equilibrium point, and approached the same distance to gravitational source MA, MB, MA, m, MB

To maintain the same line (with the torsion balance connect vertical bar) observed deviation from the original balance.

③ Bridge Experiment

The establishment of a manganese copper wire with the Wheatstone bridge (Figure 7 shows). Let them两臂closed flat box in the circular vacuum within the two sides, the Chen Shui-bian to introduce a small box Central Solid iodine, regulating Bridge balance the gravitational source MA, MB-home containers on both sides. After iodine sublimation of small particles due to static gravitational over the impact of Σ F attached to the surface on both sides of different, manganese copper wire from the different corrosive effect, changed the两臂resistance ratio, destroyed the bridge balance pointer from microamps table was placed high to reflect the deviation. (The experimental observation of the cumulative effect.)

4.二象性the root

1693 Newton wrote: "Gravity can make planetary movement, but not on God's strength for now they will never make such a turn around the sun and the circular motion. Therefore, as a result of this and other reasons, I had to the structure of our system and pin a wholly unwise to dominate. ... no神力of help, I do not know what other forces of nature in such rulings promote lateral movement. "[1]

We know that the stars in space to be done to speed up the movement of precession there will be a radial and tangential gravitational momentum. Radial gravitational between stars is obviously enormous molecular force; Is tangential momentum of the first to promote God? Interplanetary Magnetic market will answer this question.

1. The magnetic stars 7-9

In 1600, the United Kingdom found that the earth around the Gilbert There is a tremendous magnetic 7-9 (intensity 0.3 ~ 0.6 Gauss), the magnetic extremely 7-9 N Antarctic in the Earth's geography, S is the geographic North Pole on Earth.

Geomagnetic Gilbert found in the three 7-9 after half a century's time, the scientists believe is a geocentric

Huge iron magnet, the Earth's magnetic Admission is by the formation of this big magnet. They later found out that the Earth's core is indeed iron, but it can not be a magnet, because geocentric temperature (at least 100 ° C) over the Curie temperature of iron (760 ° C), iron core and has long lost its magnetism.

In 1939, the United States Elsaser mentioned was placed high in the Earth's rotation may be the core of molten iron from west to east caused a rotating eddy current (Figure 8 shows) [5].

Obviously, the circulation Elsaser the magnetic direction and the actual market geomagnetic market direction is the opposite. In other words this Elsaser eddy current magnetic market violation of amperes right-hand rule. In addition, based on the purported conductive fluid convection movement attempting to explain the geomagnetic market has not been successful. As noted in this hypothesis because no magnetic infer the Mercury 7-9, but in 1974 the "sailors on the 10th" accidental spacecraft detected a magnetic dipole 7-9 [6]. Seen in this light, nominally called "geomagnetic market," Magnetic market is not formed by the Earth itself. A natural corollary is: The geomagnetic market stars from space radiation. On a single Earth magnetic market fairness, all the other stars or satellite systems have their own radiation contribution!

In 1912, astronomers discovered Haier and others solar magnetic 7-9 (average intensity of 104 Gauss); In 1949, the United States Greek ears特内尔confirmed the existence of magnetic Galaxy 7-9 (average intensity of 5 × 10-6 Gauss);

Now, Australia's Beidingdu and others also proved that when there is a magnetic galaxies 7-9 (average intensity of 10-9 to 10-8 Gauss); It is believed that the near astrophysics will be: all the stars or satellite system with a corresponding magnetic market, which is not magnetic Star 7-9 in their own or generated by the satellite system, but by the other stars of the overall space formed by radiation.

2. Movement and the evolution of stars

The overall universe, the stars of space radiation and charged particles across magnetic 7-9, 7-9 constitute a magnetic particle interaction with the basic image.

We can imagine, in the region of space in which the Earth and not the original stars, as the spatial distribution of radiation sources in the characteristics of precession in this initial excitation induced by a magnetic market. Enter this primitive "geomagnetic market" in the cosmic ray particles by magnetic market in the role of "things deflection" and the "North-South convergence" effect. "Deflection things" to strengthen the original particle induced eddy played the role of magnetic 7-9; "South-North convergence" of particle circulation formed one pair of magnetic mirror. Along with the high-energy cosmic ray particles in the magnetic market in a "cascade Shower" and "the nuclear Spallation" has brought about many heterosexual charged particles [7]. These particles are "geomagnetic magnetic mirror," has the effect of geomagnetic Lorentz force and the effects of magnetic induction As noted in the original orientation of the market, positively charged particles from west to east rotation, the negative electric charge of particles from east to west rotation. Such opposite deflection means an increase of 10% and positive and negative atomic particles in the opportunities, and also strengthened the role of initial circulation induced by the magnetic market (Figure 9 shows). During and after the magnetic atoms from the role of market power, but maintain the original MMH particles from west to east direction of the rotation (due to the proton's momentum is far greater than the electron momentum). Whirlpool After several atoms in the billions (Earth age not less than四十亿年) suspect Poly accumulated to form the stars of the earth. So the formation of the Earth and the Earth's movement by the interplanetary magnetic market at the same time constraints!

The same can inference, other stars or satellite system evolution and rotation will be accompanied by corresponding interplanetary magnetic

Market constraints. The evolution of our solar system as an example: It can be imagined that in the solar system where the original regional space

No stars, only one of the stars from other space radiation precession magnetic vortex formed by 7-9

(That is, the initial magnetic induction 7-9). The free space from all directions of charged particles into the magnetic vortex of the initial market, although the particle velocity and direction of the vortex of the initial magnetic market direction is arbitrary angle, but we can always put them decomposed into parallel to each other and perpendicular to each other in two parts, which do not rule out a large number of vertical incidence peace visit the incident charged particles. First Pitch inspection speed and vertical magnetic particles that part, obviously they have been Lorentz deflection, and some fled the magnetic market will return to the room to (the rate of particle); Partly as a result of movement in both directions, will be involved in a collision and the positive and negative particles in atoms and 10%. Here are the same as particles (such as protons) the momentum is far greater than the negative particles (such as electronic) momentum, and the positively charged atomic particles will maintain the original direction of the movement. If the initial vortex magnetic market's direction as the north celestial sphere, it is the atomic movement from west to east direction (Figure 10 shows). Formation of atomic opposite deflection and the manner mentioned below should be neutral particles generated will be formed

Nebula, the nebula material cohesion it has developed the collision of planets and the sun. Speed and the positive and negative magnetic particles 7-9 vertical deflection in the Lorentz into atoms and form a loop before, the deflection initial circulation of the vortex enhanced magnetic market, thereby enabling the parallel market rate and magnetic particles of cosmic ray induced an opposite direction of circulation (Lenz's Law). This induced circulation induced by the magnetic particles will be counsel to the heart contraction, which occurred fusion reaction, to the realization of large-scale conversion, the early evolution of stars produce the various astrophysical phenomena. With the evolution of the process, space particles on the magnetic deflection 7-9, constraints and gradually shrinking role has become molecules (atoms) of condensed matter of large numbers of stars replaced. The majority have become stars provided a precession of the radial gravitational movement, and their quality and can come from cosmic radiation, the radiation will their own counterproductive in the universe.

Because magnetic market force of charged particles (Lorentz force) always campaigns with the particles vertical direction, in other words, the role of space Lorentz force from the stars always horizontal (tangential) campaign. Therefore, all on the stars in space to speed up the multi-level campaign around - "precession" It is the objective of. Newton's first on the promotion of God that should be induced to interplanetary magnetic particles 7-9 on the deflection mechanism of the universe replaced by the stars of God in the horizontal movement on the issue of the same no place to go!

3. G certification

Magnetic market by the origin of stars, we can see the stars as gravitational source of the quality of M is an evolution of the volume. It is mainly the early evolution of the form of 7-9 to the volume (M '= E0/C2); It can also be a medium-term evolution of a neutral molecule (atom) and the market can coexist in (M''= M '+ E/C2); Evolution is also the main phase to

The neutral molecules (atoms) in the form of (M'' '= M0). As M gravitational source of the distribution in space because of this due to the changing characteristics of gravitational coefficients G will also result due to a change (G = 4 π2 R3T-2M-1). This fact has been Blanz, Dick and Jordan and others are aware, they can be said to changes in the relative rate of 10-10 to 10-11.

The relative rate of change is obviously a very small amount, within a certain period of time (far less than stellar evolution cycle) gravitational source can be seen as relatively constant, then G has limited value of the constant. It is also being

They carefully analyzed the information confirmed by astronomical observations.

4. Volunteers

Overall radiation in the universe spawned a vortex of the region have had a magnetic market like Earth, the solar system such stars or satellite system, but also to bring them to corresponding Rotary Movement. As such, they reflect the quality of the gravity and their precession by the inertia of the campaign reflects the gravity with a common origin. When the moon's orbit around the Earth campaign isolated from the universe was placed high in the background situation as a partial inspection tour, you can use the Earth's gravity reflect the quality of (large numbers of) to describe; When the moon as done in the context of the universe to speed up the movement of precession stars, can be used to spin the Progressive Movement reflect the gravity of the force to describe (such circumstances, the Earth to the Moon will be large numbers of the other stars of the universe by the large numbers of balance).

Clearly, reflected by the quality of the gravity (large numbers of), and precession reflect the gravity movement (inertial force), the appearance of these two completely different physical phenomena equivalent relations between the interplanetary magnetic market through the transfer and transformation achievable.

5. Conclusion

For centuries people have always been conducted in the laboratory scale experimental observation of gravity, the big astronomical scale, the distance between small molecules still no gravity experiment built. The G laboratory measured value applied to all objects on the quality is only a theoretical inferences而巳. "Gravity" as Equivalent

To speed up the movement of inertia force is indeed "10,000", which exists in large celestial bodies, all small nuclear external electron quality objects, which reflect the gravity inertial effect, in addition to impossible gravitational wave radiation.

"Gravity" as molecules (atoms) is not the majority of "a million". It applied to the interaction between the stars was so successful is because the stars or satellite system is only a greater number of molecules (atoms) assemblies. Application of the molecules (atoms) was placed high pitch actually exceeded the scope of application (when the distance is less than a few hundred of Egypt, the inverse square law has not established). In the space of less than a few within the framework of Egypt, molecular repulsion between sharp increases, the discussion of gravitational collapse unrestricted, mention was placed high volume of zero, an infinite density of the universe, singular point → "black hole" is not based on correct!

In astronomical scale, Newton引力定律be bound by Kepler's third law, gravitational coefficients G M source not only by the gravitational properties of evolution, have a certain amount of time within the scope of constant sexual.

In the laboratory scale, the material interaction remained relatively static, Kepler's third law of non-functional, not evolution of gravitational source, the majority of Newton's gravitational force is, the gravitational coefficients G alone sensitive to changes in the material composition of the trend.

To sum up, gravity is not only a star (including objects) role of large numbers of molecular force, but also the stars (not including objects) in the space to speed up the movement of precession the inertia effect, we will be forced to think of gravity as with the characteristics. Newton and Einstein gravity is revealed by the two sides. The narrow gravitational (or relatively static stellar objects), the application of Newton's law to be fairly accurate description; The

In broad gravity (space stars or satellite system) to take on only the stars above all to speed up the precession of inertia to explain.

The inertial force equivalent to gravity, but gravity and the electromagnetic force is similar; In other words, like gravity is not only the material, as is the formation of inertia. The gravitational properties such二象性only through interplanetary space in the evolution of magnetic market and constraints can be explained.

References

1. [US] H.S.塞耶series "Newton's natural philosophical works", the people of Shanghai was placed high version clubs 1974 edition, 52;

2. [Germany] A. Einstein to Li Hao translated as "Theory of Relativity significance", was placed high version of the scientific community in 1966 edition;

3. [] QIN Rong first "gravitational theory of experimental verification," physics teaching magazine in 1983 the first four;

4.

5. [US] ACE摩夫book, Wang Tao translated as "the universe, the earth and atmosphere," was placed high version of the scientific community in 1979 edition;

6. []张庆麟"Mercury causes of the mystery of magnetic market", astronomy enthusiasts 1983 section 11;

7. [] Guangzheng Ni烔and other series, "Modern Physics", the Shanghai Science and Technology was placed high version clubs 1979 edition, 350;

8. [] "Set commemorate Einstein asked."

Postscript

God is with the recognition of the primacy; NS is better recognize the supremacy!

No color of the natural world, the narrow radiation objects in the visual part in the formation of a three-Yen Magazine. If not on the color of the more incisive study of the potential of not less than three school, seven doctrine. They are committed to exploring nature What color? ! They will spare no effort to subjective perception imposed on the material world.

The universe does not always present, the past, present and future it will swap one point less what more is not what! As human birth and death, some people have tried every possible way to the idea that the universe is that on the day the hygiene, it is also the day on which the dead.

To put it bluntly, in the universe and space-time, in addition to market and the interaction between particles into other nothing!

CSL