Abstract  of the electromagnetic wave in the overall atomic force analysis, electromagnetic waves to the entire proposed atomic stress not balanced point of view. Classical theory through the analysis of electronic shackles that the absorption energy is proportional to the size and frequency of the light waves conclusions.

    Keywords  electromagnetic，wave,，frequency,，energy

1, with the balance of the point of view of the problem

We know that when irradiated with low-frequency electromagnetic waves of metal atoms, from which it is impossible to stimulate the photoelectron. In accordance with the photon, the fettered electronic absorption of the photon energy less than adequate, it will not attract emerging from the nucleus. This can also be explained by classical theory.

In the circumstances of very low frequencies, the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave for a long, as compared with the size of atoms, the electrons and protons in almost the same position, the same position on the same natural electromagnetic fields. Electricity and Proton electronic equivalent, polar opposite. They are the electromagnetic force the opposite direction of the same size (not consider their relative movement), the whole atom in a state of balance. Its momentum conservation, electronics will not fly away.

According to conventional thinking, we should separate atoms, unless external electromagnetic force can be powerful enough to offset the internal atomic Coulomb force, it would not split the atom. For light waves, the intensity, as it is very difficult to achieve, so this idea unrealistic.

If the above approach is quite strong, then we can use a Qiao Jing to solve the problem.

Before we say that the electrons and protons, are equivalent by force and is therefore unable to "making" electronic. If we can think of ways so that the two of受力不, then the whole atom to be outside the role of the momentum to change. And the quality is much smaller than the electronic nucleus, the most likely happening in the electronics flew away, and the nucleus almost inactive. So we use a smaller force "making" electronic.

2, the electromagnetic wave in the Atomic Force Analysis

What to break the atomic internal balance? Focus on or electromagnetic waves. As mentioned above is the low-frequency electromagnetic waves, the wavelength great, ranging from a few hundred meters to a few centimeters. But an atomic diameter relative is still too high, the protons and electrons in the same location is almost on the edge or just being offset. Electronic will not fly out.

If the frequency of the electromagnetic wave will continue to increase, continue to reduce the wavelength, the situation will change. We see next illustrated below.

Figure 1

Figure 1 is in the electromagnetic wave in the atom. For the sake of simplicity, we only draw a wavelength of electric wave, no wave magnetic field painting. But painting a very simple atoms, hydrogen atoms. A Proton said, that electronic B, the two distance r. Their electric field strength corresponding to E1 and E2. Assume that the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave l, angular frequency w, amplitude A, and its equation

     (1)

The relationship between frequency and wavelength

     (2)

C is the speed of light, the resultant

     (3)

A hypothetical point coordinates x, A, B for the two points distance r,

     (4)

     (5)

The difference between the electric field,

     (6)

     (7)

Relative wavelength speaking, r minimum, the type can be as simple

     (8)

For on-understandable as a whole by the atomic electric field. We assume the role of proton from the electric field, then in order to maintain the overall balance of force must person skilled in a trade (8) added to the electronic field above.

Above we are assuming that electronic, protons and light propagation direction is the same, and electronic proton movement around the circle of light and the plane is parallel to the propagation direction. And because of a planar light wave electromagnetic wave, electric field, magnetic field direction and the dissemination of the three is scheduled to meet the right hand spiral. Figure 1 in the field of electronics is being vertical, and this has increased its vertical speed, on the whole, increased electronic speed. The electronic energy increases.

Figure 1 in both the rising edge in the electromagnetic waves, if the falling edge, the speed of electronic vertical direction opposite direction will increase.

Above we are assuming that the former electronics, Proton in the latter, it is just a special case. If we are careful analysis will be found: the relative position no matter how, as long as it is in a rising edge (falling edge), the electronic speed of the vertical direction to being on the (anti-) direction increase. Here not elaborate.

For a few 100M hertz frequency of the electromagnetic wave speaking, wr / c this is about 10-10, the entire atomic force suffered almost zero. This is why the low-frequency electromagnetic waves in electronic atomic no role.

However, when the frequency increased to light levels, the atomic force increased by several orders of magnitude, can not ignore Excluding the. So there will be the above-mentioned circumstances, atomic momentum change significantly, electronic emancipated, flew to the outside. Using photon is said to explain, electronic absorption of the photon energy enough to overcome the gravitational effect of the fly out. In a word, the higher the frequency of electromagnetic waves, the more they can undermine the atomic internal imbalances, the more they can from the electronic shackles. That bastion of the most easily defeated from within.

Let us look at the frequency and amplitude are inadequate, several continuous electromagnetic waves can be passed to the role of "making" electronic. That is the effect of electromagnetic waves can accumulate.

When the atoms in the rising edge of electromagnetic wave, the speed of electronic components to the vertical direction are increased when they are falling edge, the speed of electronic components to the vertical direction is increasing. When the electronic rising edge or falling edge in the stage not absorb enough energy to shake off the shackles. So the next time will be the opposite direction of the role, just in front of the role of set-off. This shows that the two issues.

(1) frequency of the electromagnetic wave is not high no matter how long can the role from the "making of" electronic.

(2) If a sufficiently high frequency electronic be in a rising edge or falling edge absorption energy flew away, this process is almost instantaneous.

These and the photoelectric effect is consistent with the results.

3, the relationship between the energy and frequency

Front said, we can force as a proton zero, the joint force will be added to the overall electronic device. If that be the electronic - (8) the role of such an electric field. But only in a rising edge electronic or falling edge absorption energy, that is half a wavelength of the absorbed energy. Therefore, we can calculate the electronic absorption within half a wavelength of energy.

Because light is planar electromagnetic wave in arbitrary point, the electric field and magnetic field intensity is proportional. At the same time, electronic absorption and the electric field can also be directly proportional to the magnetic field. With the electric field and electric field intensity is proportional to the square, and also to the entire electromagnetic field intensity is proportional.

     (9)

Would - (8) on the income-generation, the energy of half a wavelength

     (10)

After calculated,

     (11)

For specific atoms, in front of which is the same, followed by angular frequency. This shows that the electronic absorption is proportional to the energy and frequency.

When it needed greater than the escape of electronic energy, electronics will be emancipated; escape when it is less than the energy, nuclear revolving around electronic only. This is consistent with the conclusions of photoelectric effect.

4, and other effects of two-photon

In theory, even a slightly lower frequency, electronic absorption can be two or more consecutive photon to accumulate enough energy to shake off the shackles. This is the two-photon phenomena. So, what also does not exist a cutoff frequency said.

We still can be used formula (8) to illustrate: the decision by the whole of the situation of atomic not including frequency, amplitude also. As long as the amplitude high enough, still can undermine atomic balance.

But this is extremely rare. Under normal conditions, light intensity not so high, but not continuous, and therefore fail to observe the two-photon phenomena. However, if we do experiments using laser, we can see that this phenomenon.

From equation (7) to the equation (8) the derivation, we are assuming that the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in diameter larger than the atom, it can be multiplied by the derivative diameter expressed in the form of the difference between the electric field. In light at the wavelength level, it can do so. When the wavelength continue to decrease until the atomic diameter can be comparable to, the above conditions is derived not set up, can not be used this formula has. In other words, the photoelectric effect is not so clear. As a matter of fact, when we use X-ray or g-ray irradiation metal, they found no photoelectric effect. When irradiated with it to a smaller nucleus radius, will be "making" Positron to. The reason is this: the size of the nucleus for the 10-15 m, g-ray wavelength of 10-10 m, g-ray wavelengths much larger than the diameter nucleus, and this formula can be used to calculate the above, this is a narrowing of the photoelectric effect. This proves that we think is right.

5, conclusions

The light wave band with a certain irradiated atoms, we can promote atomic internal stress not balance, thereby isolated electronic. This theory can be used to explain the photoelectric effect, the Compton effect, such as a series of two-photon phenomena. Ultimately, the photon energy is proportional to the frequency with the classical theory can be used to explain.